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APPELLATE ADVOCATES

NEW YORK, NY · EIN 113305212 · Form 990 · FY2024 · NTEE I80 · Crime & Legal-Related · Large ($10M-$50M) · appad.org
revenue
$17.3M
expenses
$17.1M
net assets
$4.9M
employees
0
program ratio
85%
mission · from form 990

THE ORGANIZATION WAS FORMED SOLELY FOR THE PURPOSE OF PROVIDING HIGH-QUALITY REPRESENTATION FOR INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE BEEN CONVICTED OF CRIMES AND CANNOT AFFORD PRIVATE LAWYERS. THE ORGANIZATION BELIEVES IN FIGHTING FOR EVERY PERSON'S CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL AND IN WORKING TO OVERTURN UNJUST CONVICTIONS OR SENTENCES.

profile · synthesized from sources

Appellate Advocates is a nonprofit public defender organization based in New York that provides free appellate legal representation to individuals convicted of crimes in Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island who cannot afford private counsel. The organization focuses on correcting injustices in criminal convictions and sentences through direct appeals, SORA hearings, DVSJA resentencings, and innocence investigations. It also offers holistic support through social work and re-entry services to aid client rehabilitation and reintegration.

named programs · 9 · from sources

What they call their work

Direct Criminal Appeals
Represents indigent clients in appeals following criminal convictions after trial or guilty plea, focusing on correcting legal errors in proceedings, sentencing, or representation.
Domestic Violence Survivors Justice Act (DVSJA) Practice
Seeks resentencing for domestic violence survivors incarcerated for crimes influenced by abuse, using trauma-informed legal and social work support.
Innocence Investigations Project
Investigates and litigates claims of actual innocence for wrongfully convicted clients, working with conviction review units to vacate judgments.
Non-citizen Practice
Conducts criminal-immigration analysis in every case to mitigate deportation risks and improve immigration outcomes through strategic appeals and motions.
Re-entry Program
Supports formerly incarcerated clients with housing, employment, benefits, family reunification, and clothing to promote successful community reintegration.
SORA Practice
Represents clients in Sex Offender Registration Act hearings and appeals to secure the lowest possible risk level and petitions for downward modification based on rehabilitation.
Sexual Assault Reform Act (SARA) Practice
Challenges the housing and liberty restrictions imposed by SARA through litigation and advocates for policy reform to reduce homelessness and family separation.
Social Work Program
Provides trauma-informed counseling, mitigation reports, and mental health assessments to support legal representation and client well-being.
Trafficking Practice
Represents survivors of human trafficking seeking to vacate criminal convictions that resulted from their exploitation.
activities · 9 groups

What they do

  • Criminal Justice Policy Advocacy 3 activities
    • Legal advocacy related to the Sexual Assault Reform Act (SARA)
      Provides legal advocacy for individuals affected by the Sexual Assault Reform Act (SARA), which imposes 1,000-foot residential restrictions around schools, often resulting in homelessness or continued incarceration due to lack of compliant housing in New York City. Conducts targeted litigation and client education to challenge the unlawful impacts of SARA on individuals with sex offense convictions.
    • Legal representation in Sex Offender Registration Act (SORA) cases
      Represents individuals in petitions for downward modification of SORA risk levels based on demonstrated rehabilitation and has won over 100 SORA cases at both hearing and appellate levels.
    • Post-conviction legal relief and exoneration
      Obtains exonerations for clients through post-conviction litigation, including collaboration with conviction review units. The organization has secured the exoneration of 5 clients.
  • Legal Education and Career Pipeline Programs 2 activities
    • Law student internship program
      Operates a summer internship program for law students who have completed their first or second year of law school, offering opportunities to draft legal documents, conduct legal research, participate in post-conviction investigations, attend oral arguments, and support office functions in areas including SORA cases, post-conviction immigration relief, and direct appeals.
    • Law student training in appellate advocacy
      Provides law students with supervised opportunities to represent indigent individuals in criminal appeals through fieldwork and weekly seminars focused on appellate record review, legal issue assessment, and appellate brief writing.
  • Domestic Violence Survivor Support Services 2 activities
    • Legal advocacy for survivors of human trafficking
      Provides legal representation to vacate criminal convictions for survivors of human trafficking in Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island.
    • Legal advocacy under the Domestic Violence Survivors Justice Act (DVSJA)
      Identifies eligible domestic violence survivor clients and files for resentencing under the DVSJA, both proactively and when assigned by the court. Provides trauma-informed legal representation supported by social work and re-entry teams, resulting in reduced prison sentences and elimination of lifetime parole or post-release supervision for successful applicants.
  • Domestic and Sexual Violence Prevention Education 1 activity
    • Advocacy for reform of the Sexual Assault Reform Act (SARA)
      Advocates for statutory and policy reform of the Sexual Assault Reform Act (SARA) through amicus briefs, policy proposals, and community outreach in collaboration with legal and community organizations.
  • Pro Bono Legal Representation and Support 1 activity
    • Appellate legal representation for indigent criminal defendants
      Provides high-quality appellate defense representation to individuals convicted of crimes in New York State who cannot afford private lawyers, reviewing convictions for legal errors and challenging improper actions by criminal justice actors. The organization has won over 1,100 direct appeals in the Appellate Division and more than 70 cases in the New York Court of Appeals.
  • Direct Mental Health Counseling and Support Services 1 activity
    • Comprehensive social work and trauma-informed support services
      Provides trauma-informed supportive counseling to clients in the community and those currently incarcerated through licensed social workers and social work interns. Delivers comprehensive mitigation reports, social work evaluations, and mental health assessments to support post-conviction legal representation.
  • Immigration Legal Services 1 activity
    • Criminal-immigration legal analysis and relief
      Conducts criminal-immigration analysis in every case to assess risks of deportation, inadmissibility, or denial of naturalization for non-citizen clients. Pursues direct appeals and additional legal relief, such as C.P.L. § 440 motions, to minimize negative immigration consequences.
  • Reentry Support Services 1 activity
    • Re-entry support services for formerly incarcerated individuals
      Operates a Re-entry Program that provides direct services including help with securing personal documents, applying for public benefits, resume and cover letter preparation, job searches, one-on-one peer counseling, supportive housing applications, child support arrears navigation, family reunification support, and distribution of new and gently used clothing. Also provides indirect support through referrals to internal and external service providers.
  • Behavioral Health and Human Services Training 1 activity
    • Social work internship placement
      Hosts two to three social work interns annually as a certified Seminar in Field Instruction placement, providing hands-on experience in trauma-informed care and re-entry support services.
financials · form 990 · fy2024
revenue
Total revenue$17.26M
Contributions & grants$222K1%
Program service revenue$17.04M99%
Investment income$00%
Other revenue$0
expenses
Total expenses$17.11M
Program expenses85%
Admin / overhead15%
Fundraising0%
Salaries & benefits$14.92M
Grants paid out$0
Largest expense lineCompensation
balance sheet
Total assets$13.06M
Cash$2.05M
Investments$0
Liabilities$8.19M
Net assets$4.87M
Liquid reserves1.4 mo
6 years on record · 2019–2024 · YoY revenue -0.7%
leadership · form 990 part vii · fy2024

Who runs it

paid leadership · 8
NameTitleHours/wkCompensation
PAZNER PATRICIA M BOARD DIRECTOR, PRESIDENT, 35 $356K
VORKINK MARK W BOARD DIRECTOR AND ASSISTA 35 $262K
KASTIN WILLIAM G SUPERVISING ATTORNEY 35 $259K
DAVID GREENBERG ASSISTANT ATTORNEY-IN-CHAR 35 $250K
NAPOLI LISA SUPERVISING ATTORNEY 35 $241K
POWELL DENICE SUPERVISING ATTORNEY 35 $241K
ASCHER ALEXIS SUPERVISING ATTORNEY 35 $220K
HORWITZ ERICA SUPERVISING ATTORNEY 35 $197K
board members · 6
  • BARKAN ALISON OSSER — BOARD DIRECTOR
  • BERKOWITZ CARA — BOARD DIRECTOR
  • FAHEY LYNN W L — BOARD DIRECTOR AND HOURLY
  • GANTT ADRIENNE — BOARD DIRECTOR
  • HIRSCH ANDREA G — BOARD DIRECTOR
  • WIESE HILLARD — BOARD DIRECTOR - CHAIR
relationships · 10

Who they work with

  • Appellate Advocates’ social work practice Partner — Collaborates with the Re-entry Program to provide integrated support services to clients.
  • Appellate Division, Second Department Government — Assigns cases to Appellate Advocates for representation on appeal.
  • Appellate Division, Second Department Government — Primary appellate court where the organization litigates felony conviction appeals.
  • Appellate Term, Second Department Government — Appellate court where the organization represents clients in misdemeanor conviction appeals.
  • Cardozo School of Law Partner — Collaborates with Appellate Advocates to operate the Criminal Appeals Field Clinic for law students.
  • Court of Appeals Government — Highest court in New York State, where the organization seeks leave to appeal when lower appellate decisions are unfavorable.
  • Director of Social Work Partner — Collaborates with legal team to provide integrated support for trafficking survivors seeking vacatur of convictions.
  • District Attorney’s Office Partner — Collaborates with conviction review units in District Attorney’s Offices to investigate and address wrongful convictions.
  • fellow legal and community organizations Partner — Collaborates with legal and community organizations to advocate for statutory and policy reform of the Sexual Assault Reform Act (SARA) through amicus participation, policy proposals, and community outreach.
  • statewide task force Coalition — Participates in a monthly statewide task force focused on DVSJA implementation and improvements.
strategies · 5

How they approach the work

Named approaches extracted from this org’s sources. Where others share an approach, follow it to see the full set of orgs running it.

  • Appellate Defense as Systemic Safeguard
    methodology: appellate_defense_as_systemic_safeguard
    By identifying and correcting systemic or procedural errors in criminal convictions through appellate advocacy, we prevent injustice and strengthen the integrity of the legal system, because appellate review serves as a critical check on trial-level errors and overreach.
  • Apprenticeship-Based Training in Appellate Advocacy
    methodology: apprenticeship_model_training
    By training law students through hands-on participation in live appellate cases, we build a pipeline of skilled public defenders and strengthen systemic advocacy because experiential learning produces more effective, committed advocates than classroom instruction alone.
  • Holistic, Trauma-Informed Defense Model
    methodology: trauma_informed_holistic_defense
    By integrating legal representation with social work and trauma-informed care, we improve client engagement and legal outcomes because addressing underlying trauma and social needs enables more effective advocacy and supports long-term re-entry success.
  • Specialized Legal Advocacy for Systemic Reform
    methodology: specialized_advocacy_for_systemic_reform
    By applying specialized expertise in niche areas like SORA and immigration consequences, we challenge harmful policies and produce broader legal change because targeted, technically rigorous advocacy creates precedents that limit overreach and protect vulnerable populations.
  • Systematic Screening for Wrongful Convictions
    methodology: systematic_case_screening
    By systematically screening all direct appeal cases for red flags of wrongful conviction, we increase the likelihood of overturning unjust outcomes because proactive, data-informed triage allows us to allocate investigative resources where they can have the greatest impact on justice and reform.