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Wildlife Conservation Society

Bronx, NY · EIN 131740011 · Form 990 · FY2024 · NTEE D500 · Animal-Related · Very Large (>$50M) · wcs.org
revenue
$400.9M
expenses
$456.0M
net assets
$869.4M
employees
2,917
volunteers
729
program ratio
88%
mission · from form 990

THE WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SOCIETY (WCS) SAVES WILDLIFE AND WILD PLACES WORLDWIDE THROUGH SCIENCE, CONSERVATION ACTION, EDUCATION, AND INSPIRING PEOPLE TO VALUE NATURE.

profile · synthesized from sources

The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) conserves wildlife and wild places globally through science, field conservation, and education. It operates five wildlife parks in New York City—the Bronx Zoo, Central Park Zoo, Prospect Park Zoo, Queens Zoo, and New York Aquarium—that serve as centers for public engagement and conservation education. WCS also leads international conservation initiatives across more than 60 countries, focusing on protecting endangered species and critical ecosystems.

irs program accomplishments · form 990 part iii · fy2024

What they reported doing

  1. #1 primary $195.69M
    Zoos and Aquarium in New York City
named programs · 4 · from sources

What they call their work

Bronx Zoo
Flagship zoo advancing global wildlife conservation through species protection, research, and public education
Global Conservation Programs
International field programs in over 60 countries protecting endangered species and ecosystems through science-based conservation strategies
Hudson Canyon Initiative
Effort to designate the Hudson Canyon as a National Marine Sanctuary to protect marine biodiversity and promote sustainable fisheries and ecotourism
New York Aquarium
Marine conservation and education facility in Coney Island, Brooklyn, focused on protecting ocean wildlife and habitats, including the Hudson Canyon initiative
activities · 8 groups

What they do

  • Environmental Conservation Grantmaking 2 activities
    • Awards grants for landscape-scale climate adaptation
      Provides competitive grants to U.S.-based nonprofit conservation organizations to implement on-the-ground, landscape-scale climate adaptation actions.
    • Funds early-career conservation research through fellowship programs
      Funds and supports early-career conservationists through competitive fellowship and grant programs, including the WCS Research Fellowship Program, the Conservation Leadership Programme (in partnership with BirdLife International and Fauna & Flora International), the WCS Canada W. Garfield Weston Fellowship Program for boreal research, and the John Thorbjarnarson Fellowship for Reptile Research.
  • Environmental Policy Advocacy & Litigation 1 activity
    • Advocates for protected area designation and policy change
      Advocates for the establishment and expansion of protected areas globally, having helped establish over 430 protected areas since 1895, including recent efforts to designate Hudson Canyon as a National Marine Sanctuary and support for the Sea Turtle Rescue Assistance and Rehabilitation Act. Also provides scientific and policy expertise to influence international conservation policies and governmental commitments.
  • Biomedical Research and Innovation 1 activity
    • Conducts zoonotic disease research and response
      Investigates and combats zoonotic diseases that threaten human, domestic animal, and wildlife health using global health expertise.
  • Onsite & Outreach Environmental Education Programs 1 activity
    • Delivers science education programming
      Reaches over 1.5 million students, educators, and families annually with science education programming focused on wildlife and conservation.
  • Tree Planting and Reforestation Initiatives 1 activity
    • Implements global field conservation programs
      Implements science-based conservation programs in over 55 countries to protect key ecosystems including forests, savannas, and coral reefs by partnering with Indigenous Peoples, local communities, governments, and NGOs. Activities include stabilizing or increasing wildlife populations, reducing deforestation (e.g., 30% reduction in Bukit Barisan Selatan and Makira), rescuing wildlife from illegal trade (e.g., 5,700 songbirds between 2019–2025), and promoting sustainable hunting and fishing practices.
  • Academic Research Dissemination 1 activity
    • Produces peer-reviewed scientific research
      Conducts scientific analyses to guide conservation planning and decision-making in terrestrial and marine environments globally, producing over 350 peer-reviewed publications annually.
  • Library-Provided Cultural Access Passes 1 activity
    • Provides animal care and hosts visitors at NYC wildlife parks
      Provides care for over 18,000 animals across its zoos and aquarium and offers membership benefits including annual admission, discounts on food and retail, member-only events such as Members’ Evenings, and exclusive items like free t-shirts.
  • Uncategorized 2 activities
    • Builds conservation leadership capacity through scholarships and training
      Builds global conservation leadership by mentoring emerging conservationists through scholarship and training programs, including the WCS Graduate Scholarship Program for conservationists from Asia/Pacific, Africa, Latin America, and North American indigenous groups; the fully funded two-year WCS India Graduate Program (74 graduates to date); and certificate and Masters programs in biodiversity conservation at the University of Buenos Aires for Latin American and Caribbean practitioners.
    • Operates urban wildlife parks in New York City
      Operates five zoos and aquariums in New York City — the Bronx Zoo, Central Park Zoo, Queens Zoo, Prospect Park Zoo, and New York Aquarium — collectively forming the largest network of urban wildlife parks in the world. These facilities hosted approximately 3.5 million visitors in 2024, with over 3.65 million annual visitors on average.
financials · form 990 · fy2024
revenue
Total revenue$400.86M
Contributions & grants$294.49M73%
Program service revenue$58.94M15%
Investment income$11.71M3%
Other revenue$35.72M
expenses
Total expenses$456.03M
Program expenses88%
Admin / overhead9%
Fundraising3%
Salaries & benefits$233.28M
Grants paid out$24.13M
Largest expense lineCompensation
balance sheet
Total assets$1.25B
Cash$108.11M
Investments$549.44M
Liabilities$380.02M
Net assets$869.41M
Liquid reserves17.3 mo
6 years on record · 2019–2024 · YoY revenue +3.0%
leadership · form 990 part vii · fy2024

Who runs it

paid leadership · 16
NameTitleHours/wkCompensation
Monica P Medina President & CEO through 4/1/24 40 $1.50M
Robert G Menzi EVP Chief Operating Officer 40 $1.10M
James J Breheny EVP Director of Zoos/Aquarium 40 $710K
John F Calvelli EVP Public Affairs 40 $585K
Christopher J McKenzie SVP General Counsel 40 $549K
Paula Hayes EVP Chief of GR through2/28/25 40 $547K
Joseph Walston EVP Global Conservation 40 $530K
Craig Piper VP and Director of City Zoos 40 $455K
Daniel Zarin E. Director of Forest Programs 40 $449K
Jelle Boot VP Human Resources 40 $441K
Laura Stolzenthaler SVP & CFO 40 $434K
Susan Chin SVP of Strategy & Advancement 40 $429K
Mary Dixon SVP for Communications 40 $394K
Niko Radjenovic VP Business Services 40 $391K
Patrick Mouton VP & Comptroller From 3/04/24 40 $240K
Robert Calamo VP&Comptroller through 1/31/24 40 $224K
board members · 9
  • Adebayo O Ogunlesi — Trustee
  • Adrienne E Adams — Ex Officio Trustee
  • Akiko Yamazaki — Trustee
  • Alejandro Santo Domingo — Chair & Trustee
  • Ambrose K Monell — Trustee
  • Andrew H Tisch — Trustee
  • Antonia M Grumbach — Trustee
  • Antonio Reynoso — Ex Officio Trustee
  • Brad Lander — Ex Officio Trustee
relationships · 28

Who they work with

  • BirdLife International Partner — Partner in the Conservation Leadership Programme, collaborating with WCS to train early-career conservationists.
  • City of New York Government — Includes ex officio trustees from city government positions such as Mayor, Comptroller, City Council Speaker, and Parks Commissioner
  • Congress Government — Lobbying target for support of the Sea Turtle Rescue Assistance and Rehabilitation Act.
  • Cylndr Studios Partner — Designed limited-edition butcher paper wraps in partnership with WCS to support Hudson Canyon protection, merging gyotaku art with nostalgic fish market graphics.
  • Fauna & Flora International Partner — Partner in the Conservation Leadership Programme, working with WCS to support emerging conservation leaders in developing countries.
  • Grady Health System Partner — Integrated food prescriptions into primary care
  • Indigenous Peoples Partner — Collaborates with Indigenous Peoples in conservation initiatives
  • Indigenous Peoples Partner — Collaborates with Indigenous Peoples to co-develop and implement equitable and enduring conservation solutions in key ecosystems.
  • Indigenous Peoples Partner — Partners with Indigenous Peoples in global field conservation efforts
  • Julie Larsen Partner — Photographer providing imagery credited to WCS, indicating a collaborative relationship in visual documentation.
  • McKinney Partner — Collaborated with WCS on the campaign to support Hudson Canyon protection, including the design of limited-edition butcher paper wraps for seafood.
  • National Centre for Biological Sciences Partner — Major partner in the WCS India Graduate Program, based in Bangalore.
  • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Government — Partner in the effort to designate Hudson Canyon as a National Marine Sanctuary; WCS submitted nomination and commends NOAA for initiating the designation process.
  • New York Zoological Society Partner — Original name of the Wildlife Conservation Society at founding in 1895.
  • The W. Garfield Weston Foundation Funder — Provided founding support for the WCS Canada W. Garfield Weston Fellowship Program.
  • Thorbjarnarson family Funder — Provided support to establish the John Thorbjarnarson Fellowship for Reptile Research.
  • U.S. Federal Government Government — Engaged in advocacy efforts to designate Hudson Canyon as a National Marine Sanctuary.
  • University of Buenos Aires Partner — Host institution for the WCS Certificate and Masters Programs in Biodiversity Conservation.
  • WCS Cambodia Office Partner — Regional office in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
  • WCS Canada Partner — Regional office in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  • WCS Myanmar Program Partner — Regional office in Yangon, Myanmar
  • WCS Thailand Program Partner — Regional office in Nonthaburi, Thailand
  • Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) Representacion Argentina Partner — Regional office in Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • governments Government — Partners with government entities in global conservation initiatives
  • governments Government — Works with national and local governments to support conservation planning, policy development, and implementation of wildlife protection measures.
  • local communities Partner — Collaborates with local communities in conservation programming worldwide
  • national government agencies Government — Partners with national government agencies to support protected area management and policy development
  • other NGOs Partner — Collaborates with non-governmental organizations on conservation programs
strategies · 5

How they approach the work

Named approaches extracted from this org’s sources. Where others share an approach, follow it to see the full set of orgs running it.

  • Community-Led and Community-Engaged Conservation
    methodology: community-led_conservation
    By partnering with Indigenous and local communities to co-lead conservation initiatives, WCS achieves more sustainable outcomes because community-defined visions for resilience and cultural continuity increase local ownership, stewardship, and long-term success of marine and terrestrial protection efforts.
  • Integrated Conservation Model Linking Zoos and Field Programs
    methodology: integrated_zoo-field_conservation
    By integrating urban wildlife parks with global field conservation, WCS strengthens conservation impact because insights from wild animal behavior and ecological needs improve zoo animal care, while public engagement through zoo experiences inspires broader support for conservation.
  • Integrated Wildlife Trafficking Intervention
    methodology: integrated-trafficking-intervention
    By combining local field operations with global advocacy, WCS disrupts wildlife trafficking networks because simultaneous action on poaching, transit routes, and consumer demand creates systemic pressure that reduces illegal trade more effectively than isolated interventions.
  • Landscape-Scale Conservation of Nature’s Strongholds
    methodology: landscape-scale_conservation
    By focusing conservation efforts on large, intact, high-value ecosystems ("Nature’s Strongholds"), WCS sustains biodiversity and climate stability at scale because protecting ecologically significant habitats ensures long-term resilience and supports both wildlife and human well-being.
  • Nature-Based Solutions for Climate and Conservation
    methodology: nature-based-solutions
    By advancing ecosystem protection and restoration as a core strategy, WCS addresses climate change mitigation because healthy, conserved ecosystems sequester carbon and maintain ecological functions essential for planetary and human health.